Concepts and interpretation
Concise definitions, calculation methods, and guidance for interpreting each series.
Glossary coverage
26
Indicators
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 432
Brazil's benchmark interest-rate target, set by Copom to guide monetary policy.
Copom sets the annual percentage rate, which remains in force until the next decision.
Higher targets tend to make credit costlier and restrain inflation; lower targets tend to stimulate activity.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 11
Average rate effectively used in one-day financing backed by federal government securities.
An adjusted, volume-weighted average of eligible transactions registered in the Selic system.
It shows the daily interbank cost of money and usually stays close to the Selic target.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 433 / IBGE
Brazil's official inflation index and the reference for the inflation-targeting system.
It combines price changes for goods and services weighted by household consumption measured by IBGE.
A positive value indicates monthly inflation; a negative value indicates deflation.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 13522 / IBGE
IPCA inflation accumulated over the 12 months ending in each month.
It compounds the 12 monthly changes multiplicatively rather than simply adding them.
This is the most common annual reading for comparing current inflation with the target.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 1
US dollar exchange rate expressed in Brazilian reais per dollar.
The daily series consolidates the selling rate published by the Central Bank for the free market.
An increase means real depreciation; a decrease means appreciation.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 12
Brazilian rate on very short-term interbank loans, used as a benchmark for fixed-income investments.
It is calculated from one-day interbank deposit transactions.
It is a benchmark for fixed-income investments and usually tracks the effective Selic rate.
B3 via Ipeadata - GM366_IBVSP366
Brazil's main benchmark for the average performance of its most traded and representative stocks.
It is a total-return index based on a theoretical portfolio of eligible assets periodically reviewed by B3.
A rise means the theoretical portfolio appreciated; a decline means it depreciated. It does not represent every listed stock.
IBGE/SIDRA - agregado 1737, variável 63
Monthly IPCA change queried directly from IBGE/SIDRA.
It follows the official IPCA methodology, weighting prices by household consumption.
It provides a second official source for checking monthly inflation.
IBGE/SIDRA - agregado 1736, variável 44
Price change for lower-income households, with greater weight on essential items.
It measures a basket consumed by households earning one to five minimum wages.
It helps track living costs for families more exposed to food, transport, and housing.
IBGE/SIDRA - agregado 8888, variável 11602
Change in industrial physical output from the same month a year earlier.
It compares monthly output volume with the same month of the prior year using the Monthly Industrial Survey.
Positive values indicate year-on-year expansion; negative values indicate contraction.
IBGE/SIDRA - agregado 8880, variável 11709
Change in retail sales volume from the same month a year earlier.
It deflates nominal revenue and compares sales volume with the same month of the prior year.
It shows year-on-year expansion or contraction in retail consumption.
IBGE/SIDRA - agregado 5906, variável 11624
Change in total services volume from the same month a year earlier.
It deflates nominal service revenue and makes a year-on-year comparison.
Positive values indicate sector growth; negative values indicate contraction.
IBGE/PNAD Contínua - SIDRA 4099
Share of the labor force without work that actively sought a job.
It divides unemployed people by the labor force aged 14 or older and multiplies by 100.
Higher rates indicate weaker labor absorption; lower rates indicate a stronger job market.
IBGE/SIDRA - agregado 5932, variável 6561
Change in final goods and services produced in the country at market prices.
It compares quarterly GDP with the same quarter a year earlier.
A positive value indicates expansion in that comparison; a negative value indicates contraction.
Ipeadata - PNADS_GINI
Household per-capita income inequality indicator on a 0-to-100 scale.
It compares the observed income distribution with perfect equality.
Closer to zero means less inequality; closer to 100 means greater concentration.
Ipeadata - PNADS_RENDAMEDIA
Average household income per person, considering all income sources.
It sums household income and divides by residents, adjusting values to the latest year.
Higher values indicate greater average real income but do not show how it is distributed.
Ipeadata - PNADS_PERCPOBRE830
Share of people below the international PPP$8.30-a-day poverty line.
It compares household per-capita income with the line converted by purchasing power parity.
Declines indicate a smaller share of the population below the poverty line.
Ipeadata - PNADS_PERCPOBRE300
Share of people below the international PPP$3.00-a-day extreme-poverty line.
It compares household per-capita income with the extreme-poverty line converted by purchasing power parity.
It measures severe monetary deprivation; lower percentages are better.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 4513
Consolidated public-sector liabilities net of financial assets, as a share of GDP.
It adds public liabilities and deducts financial assets recognized by the Central Bank methodology.
Higher percentages indicate greater net debt relative to the economy.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 13762
General-government gross liabilities as a share of GDP.
It includes major debt instruments without deducting financial assets, using the methodology in force since 2008.
It helps measure the weight and evolution of gross public debt.
Banco Central do Brasil - SGS 5793
Public-sector primary borrowing requirement accumulated over 12 months, as a share of GDP.
The Central Bank calculates it before interest using the financing approach.
In this series, a positive value is a primary deficit and a negative value is a surplus.
Tesouro Nacional - RTN 10.01.1
Central-government total revenue accumulated over the latest 12 months.
It sums 12 monthly Treasury values, adjusts them by IPCA to latest-month prices, and reports billions of reais.
It tracks real revenue while reducing monthly seasonality.
Tesouro Nacional - RTN 10.02.1
Revenue-sharing transfers accumulated over the latest 12 months.
It sums 12 monthly values adjusted by IPCA and reports billions of reais.
It shows the real amount transferred mainly to states and municipalities.
Tesouro Nacional - RTN 10.03.1
Central-government total expenditure accumulated over the latest 12 months.
It sums 12 monthly Treasury values adjusted by IPCA to latest-month prices.
The real 12-month series makes the trend easier to see without monthly seasonality.
Receita Federal - Carga Tributária no Brasil 2024
Gross tax revenue from federal, state, and municipal governments as a share of GDP.
It divides consolidated gross tax revenue by nominal GDP for the same year.
It shows the share of generated income collected as taxes, not the quality of public spending.
Receita Federal - Gastos Tributários em Bases Efetivas
Estimated revenue forgone through differentiated tax treatments.
The tax authority estimates revenue under the reference system and compares it with the favored treatment.
Higher percentages indicate larger estimated tax benefits relative to the economy.